飞秒激光微加工中热熔化与热传递现象研究

对飞秒激光能量密度为0.108~28.68J/cm2范围内加工的硅孔表面形貌尺寸进行分析,同时对热传递现象进行研究。理论分析了飞秒激光加工区域热传导时间及温度分布,并将其与实验测量值进行对比,验证了热影响的存在。通过理论与实验分析说明了在高能量飞秒激光加工中热传递现象不可避免,并获得了较好的孔加工质量的激光能量合理参数。     

考虑滴头堵塞位置分布的灌水均匀度计算方法

为合理评价滴灌工程在运行过程中堵塞滴头对灌水均匀度及作物生长的影响,以克里斯琴森均匀系数为基础,建立了堵塞滴头位置分布均匀性的概念和计算方法,提出了以堵塞滴头位置分布均匀系数和滴头流量均匀系数的算术平均值为指标的灌水均匀度计算方法,并分别对比分析了毛管和灌水小区两个尺度的灌水均匀度计算结果。结果表明:与克里斯琴森均匀系数相同,考虑滴头堵塞位置分布的灌水均匀系数可以合理反映堵塞滴头数量和滴头堵塞程度对灌水均匀度的影响;同时,该评价指标还可以反映堵塞滴头的位置分布和集中程度对灌水均匀度的影响,有效地解决了克里斯琴森均匀系数仅考虑流量差异而无法正确评价集中堵塞滴头对作物供水及生长影响的问题。     

饲料用混合油脂中苯并(a)芘测定方法的比较与优化

文中分析比较了三种油脂中苯并(a)芘含量的测定方法,其中GB/T22509—2008《动植物油脂苯并(a)芘的测定》方法安全性高、可行性强。本试验对该方法存在的一些不足之处加以优化后,用以测定饲料用混合油脂中苯并(a)芘的残留。标准品苯并(a)芘在0.5～20μg/l范围内的线性回归方程为:Y=1.445 6X+0.004 1,R2=0.999 5。油脂样品添加苯并(a)芘10μg/kg水平时的平均回收率为102.2%(N=5,RSD=2.3%);添加5μg/kg水平时的平均回收率为95.5%(N=5,RSD=4.2%)。结果表明该方法稳定性好、分析准确度高,非常适合用以评价油脂中苯并(a)芘的残留情况。抽样检测结果表明我国饲料级混合油中苯并(a)芘都有检出而且含量高于美国进口饲料级混合油,具有一定安全隐患。     

Deferring flowering of nobile dendrobium hybrids by holding plants under low temperature after vernalization

Orchids are currently the most valuable potted crop in the United States. To date, no studies focused on making possible the year-round greenhouse production of flowering nobile dendrobium orchids. This experiment was aimed at developing a strategy to defer flowering of nobile dendrobium orchids by holding them under low temperature. Mature Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’ and Den. Sea Mary ‘Snow King’ were held at 10 °C for various durations (0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks) after vernalization (4 weeks at 10 °C). Plants were forced in a greenhouse after holding. Time to flower, flower differentiation (flowering node percentage, number of aerial shoot and aborted bud) and flower quality (total flower number, flower diameter, flower number per flowering node and flower longevity) were determined. Increase of low temperature holding duration from 0 to 16 weeks extended time to flower up to 3 months and did not affect parameters of flower except producing larger flowers and reducing flower number per flowering node for Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’. Notably, the flower longevity was not adversely affected. Defoliation was aggravated in Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’ by longer duration of cooling and was considered a detrimental effect of low temperature holding.     

山茶在城市森林中的应用

山茶是我国的十大名花之一，也是世界名花，具有观赏价值高、品种繁多、花期长、凌寒开放等独特优势，尤为难得的是它具有较强的抗污染能力，故在城市森林中有着广泛的应用前景。     

Effects of closing mountain for forest restoration in the watershed of Miyun reservoir,Beijing

The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closurearea in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty years of hillclosing afforestation since 1983, canopy closure has improved almost by 0.2; forest cover rate has raised from 7.2% to 93.8%; biodiversity, tree biomass and vegetation community have increased to a great extent. Compared with the average canopy closure before hillclosing afforestation in this area, it has improved to over 0.4 in average and increased by 0.1-0.2. The forest coverage degree has reached more than 90%. Consequently, the forest plays more important roles in intercepting precipitation, improving water storage capacity of soil, decreasing the surface runoff, and preventing soil and water loss.     

利用试差法确定林业抽样调查中的样本容量

本文针对正态总体的情形,讨论了如何利用试差法确定样本容量,即利用 n=1+s~2/(Δ (?)~2)·t~2_(n-1)(a) 式反复迭代,直到求出的n值差异很小为止,这时的n值即为所求的样本容量。文中并给出了试差法在林业中的应用实例。     

俄罗斯联邦的森林资源及其特性

俄罗斯联邦森林资源极为丰富,在世界上占有重要地位,其森林资源本身具有地域分布的不均匀性、变动的相对稳定性、针叶树种及成过熟林蓄积的优势性十分明显。这些特点为中俄林业合作开发亚洲地区的森林资源奠定了良好的物质基础。     

大豆多肽对西洋参生物生长量与人参皂苷Rb1含量的影响

研究大豆多肽对西洋参(Panax quinquefoliusL.)生物生长量和人参皂苷Rb1含量的影响。将大豆多肽2号粉和3号粉分别配制成高、中、低3种浓度的水溶液,以叶面喷洒与根部灌注的方式,对生长3年的西洋参进行实验;同时观察生物生长量和人参皂苷Rb1的变化并总结规律。大豆多肽2号粉4mg/ml浓度根部灌注对西洋参生物生长量与人参皂苷Rb1增加作用最明显。研究结果为提高西洋参产量与质量提供理论依据,在西洋参的栽培种植中起到了实践指导作用。     

穗状玉米测产系统设计与试验

设计了由产量监视器、速度传感器、产量传感器、差分全球定位系统(DGPS)、割台高度传感器、升运器转速传感器和玉米果穗导向装置组成的穗状玉米测产系统,并应用该系统进行田间测产试验。收获作业前抽样测量玉米果穗的粒穗比和含水率;玉米收获机工作时,以割台高度传感器作为逻辑开关,割台收获玉米果穗,通过导向装置使玉米果穗以相同速度冲击产量传感器;产量传感器将冲量转化为电信号,并传给产量监视器;产量监视器融合产量、速度、升运器转速及DGPS信息计算出当前小区产量并存储在扩展名为.vld的文件中,应用自行研制的农业空间信息采集与应用系统(DCAS)可绘制收获产量图。2009年秋季应用该系统进行田间玉米收获实时测产,田间试验数据表明该系统测产平均相对误差为18.11%。